Convergence vs. Divergence - 1104 Words

Developments throughout the technological age have brought many new and challenging problems along with its many wonders. Rapid, global transportation, the scientific quest for economic dominance and the internet all are relatively new technologies that forces the world to look upon itself as new work in progress. Culture and all of its components are affected by this new paradigm and an investigation into its finer points will help in gaining a new understanding of how society functions. The purpose of this essay is to explain the concept of crossvergence of culture within global society by analyzing the evidence provided in the Kelley, MacNab, and Worthley study. It is necessary to first summarize their argument and define culture to contextualize the argument. Next, I will examine the smaller ideas contained within the theory , specifically, the ideas of convergence and divergence, in order to fully explain the argument. Article Summary Kelley et al (2006) attempted to build upon the crossvergence theory by examining banking sectors within the communities of Hong Kong, Taiwan and the United States. They argued that, the evidence of relative sample convergence, particularly in relation to collectivism and uncertainty avoidance, along with select, individual region static positions for cultural dimensions provide support for the crossvergence theory. They hypothesized that from the time of 1985 through 2000, certain cultural dimensions have changed within theseShow MoreRelatedA selective Annotated Bibliography on Convergence and Divergence1577 Words   |  7 PagesA selective Annotated Bibliography on Convergence and Divergence Theodore Levitt (1983). â€Å"The Globalization of Markets.† Harvard business review pg 92-102 The author asserts in this journal to understand the two vectors shape the world – technology and globalization. The first helps determine human preferences, the second, economic realities. The global companies systematically push these vectors toward their own convergence, offering everyone simultaneously high-quality, more or less standardizedRead MoreThe Factors Influencing Mnc s Ability1692 Words   |  7 Pages Critically evaluate the factors influencing MNC’s ability to transfer HR practices from one national context to another. †¢ globalization †¢ embeddedness of managerial models †¢ cultural convergence and divergence of HR practices †¢ institutions †¢ standardization of HR practices †¢ transfer is not a smooth sailing- why? identify reasons that influence MNC’s ability †¢ for examples: cultures differences (power distance, languages); social factors, political pressures; industrial characteristicsRead MoreInternational Industrial Relations - Convergence and Divergence2513 Words   |  11 PagesI. INTRODUCTION There has been a growing interest in the issue of globalization, internationalization, best practices adoption and its impacts on the convergence of national employment relations system. Many scholars concludes that at the industry level, the needed changes to be more flexible and internationally competitive has led to several common patterns in term of employment relations. Meanwhile, others argue that cross-national variations such as culture, economic stage of development, institutionsRead MoreEssay about Communication Accomodation Theory1953 Words   |  8 Pagesvocabulary) and/or paralinguistic (e.g., dialect, tone of voice, speech rate) behaviors to become more similar to (convergence) or different from (divergence) their interactional partners (Giles, Mulac, Bradac, Johnson, 1987). Convergence strategies signal interactants positive attitudes toward each other, such as increasing attractiveness and approval or showing solidarity, whereas divergence strategies accentuate dif ferences between interactants (Giles et al., 1987). CAT is based on the idea thatRead MoreInternational Classification of Accounting Systems1997 Words   |  8 Pageslet us focus on Gray who has developed the following pairs of contrasting accounting values: Professionalism VS Statutory Control: there is a preference for individual judgment, self regulation. Uniformity VS flexibility: there is a preference for enforcement of uniform practices. Conservatism VS Optimism: there is a preference for cautious approach. Secrecy VS Transparency: there is a preference for confidentiality. There are a lot of international pressures likeRead MoreHrm Practices And How They Benefit Employers And Employees Essay727 Words   |  3 PagesPerformance-appraisal.com. (2016). Benefits of Performance Appraisal Employee Evaluation Reviews. [online] Available at: http://www.performance-appraisal.com/benefits.htm [Accessed 24 Oct. 2016]. Sparrow, P., Schuler, R. and Jackson, S. (1994). Convergence or divergence: human resource practices and policies for competitive advantage worldwide. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 5(2), pp.267-299. Schuler, R. and Jackson, S. (1987). Linking Competitive Strategies with Human Resource ManagementRead MoreConvergence, Divergence or Middle of the Path: Hrm Model6579 Words   |  27 PagesConvergence, Divergence or Middle of the Path: HRM Model for Oman Sami A. Khan Sultan Qaboos University, Oman The role of human resource management function is at the crossroad, and on the one hand it is facing the crisis whereas there also exists an unprecedented opportunity to redefine and refocus the HRM function to leverage its credibility in organization. In Oman, HRM is in its infancy and there is a need to strengthen its discourse and learning. The present paper attempts to understandRead MoreThe Second Hofstede Cultural Dimension Compared : Individualism Vs. Collectivism1643 Words   |  7 PagesThe second Hofstede cultural dimension compared is â€Å"Individualism vs. Collectivism† which indicates whether members within a society define themselves as individuals or associate themselves with a particular group. In Hofstede’s comparison of Japanese and American cultures, American culture scored relatively high (91) in the individualism dimension. On the contrary, the Japanese culture scored relatively low (46) which firmly categorizes the culture as Collectivist. To c larify, Americans placesRead MoreThe Effect Of Change On An Organization1979 Words   |  8 Pageschange in an organization is made by a person or a group, they believe there will be no objection until communication to others or implementation. To find out, to what extent they are important there are systems like stakeholder analysis, convergence, divergence etc.(NHS, 2012) Stakeholder analysis This a first step in the change process after decision of what is needed. To categorize stakeholder, there are some key points to be considered. Identification Who are the stakeholders of an organizationRead MorePhysics : Observational Astronomy : Fall 20151111 Words   |  5 Pageswas varied until the object was in focus, and the focal length calculated from the positions of the optics using the following equation. The magnification was then estimated, and also calculated using the following equation. The error of calculated vs measured magnifications was achieved using the following equation. The magnification, focal ratio, angular resolution, and surface area of 4 telescopes were mathematically calculated after measuring and observing the aperture, objective focal length

Washington Irving, American Story Teller Essay - 2312 Words

Washington Irving, American Story Teller I strongly agree with the statement â€Å"Washington Irving found in legend and folklore a view of the natural world colored by emotion, by superstition, and by the ancient belief that supernatural beings inhabit the wild places of the earth. He wrote stories that illustrated old truths about human nature and the dramatic possibilities of the American landscape.† Although Irving wrote over twenty volumes, including essays, poems, histories, biographies, and more, in class, we have focused on his fiction. Irving dispersed many beliefs and legends of his time, and the past, into his stories. He also made great use of American themes in these literary pursuits. Such details along with existent people and events interlaced in his imaginary tales are some of the reasons I find his work so distinctive and enjoyable. Washington Irving was the youngest of eleven children, born into a somewhat wealthy New York City merchant family in 1783. In hi s twenties, he wrote for newspapers, journals, and magazines. Shortly afterward, he worked in publishing and editing. As the first American belletrist, Erving found great enjoyment in writing. His first notable book, (which he heralded the release of with a fanciful precursor,) was A History of New York (1809). It was published under one of his many clever pseudonyms, (faux historian), Diedrich Knickerbocker. When Irving was thirty-six years old, the simultaneous publications of TheShow MoreRelatedWashington Irving, American Story Teller Essay1176 Words   |  5 PagesWashington Irving, American Story Teller I strongly agree the statement â€Å"Washington Irving found in legend and folklore a view of the natural world colored by emotion, by superstition, and by the ancient belief that supernatural beings inhabit the wild places of the earth. He wrote stories that illustrated old truths about human nature and the dramatic possibilities of the American landscape.† Although Irving wrote over twenty volumes, including essays, poems, histories, biographies, and moreRead MoreThe Legend of Sleepy Hollow - Summary and Analysis11462 Words   |  46 Pagesstorytelling is a defining theme of â€Å"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.† The story is distantly removed from the reader—Crayon has found the story in Diedrich Knickerbocker’s papers, who is dead, and who at the end of the story writes that he heard it from an old gentleman, who claimed to not have even believed half of it himself, ultimately getting much of the story from primary or even other secondary sources. Thus, even where the story is told with confidence, the narrator has given us reasons to doubtRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pageschallenges understandings of the relationship between organizations and society A puzzle – is it is better to ‘belong’ or to be an ‘individual’? Longing to belong: too much commitment A reminder – the human relations approach is not the only neo-modernist story in town How neo-modernist organization theory challenges understandings of organization culture Creating a culture that gives meaning to work Developing understanding of culture Developing a ‘practical theory’ of organizational culture The vehiclesRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesTraining and Development 41 Compensation and Benefits 42 Employee Relations 42 vi Contents Top Management Commitment 43 Effective Upward Communication 43 Determining What to Communicate 44 Allowing for Feedback 44 Information Sources 44 The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 62 The Civil Rights Act of 1991 63 The Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 63 Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act of 1994 64 Relevant Executive Orders 64 vii WORKPLACE ISSUES: HRM Certification

Engineering Ethics Concept and Cases

Questios: 1. Explain the historical impact of engineering on society, and learning outcome 2. Explain engineering professionalism and ethics in the Australian contexts. Answers: 1. The main contribution of engineering to the society has primarily been in terms of a host of modern inventions without which the modern life as is defined and witnessed today would not be possible. Electrical engineering for instance has harnessed the immense power of electricity so as to run various gadgets that have simplified human life. Electronics engineering on the other hand has led to the communication and IT revolution and is the prime force behind the integrated world connected through a host of technological tools. Civil engineering also has played immense utility for the society through the enabling of various bridges and modern buildings which have enhanced the human settlements and have enhanced their reach to far flung corners where previously natural barriers exist (Harry et. al., 2013). However, it would be nave to conclude that impact of engineering has only been in terms of convenience and lifestyle only. It extends to cognitive and social changes as well since engineering has also led to social change. A prime example of the same is being witnessed in the present as the communication and IT revolution has led to the proliferation of social networking platforms. However, with the advent of these platforms into the lives of individuals, there have been alternations in the social relationships of users and may have other long term effects that are being researched. Also, it is imperative to recognise that changes brought in society through engineering in the past have had both positive as well as negative implications but despite that it has become a vital component of the development of human civilisation (Mazumder, 2016). 2. It is apparent that engineering discipline and the proponents of the same have a key role in the society. As a result, it is imperative to have clear guidelines with regards to their conduct so that they do not act adverse to the interests of the society (Harry et. al., 2013). Australia pays a great deal on attention on ensuring ethical behaviour on the part of the engineers. In this regard, various professional associations have come into existence which via their code of ethics and conduct tend to specify the appropriate professional and ethical behaviour expected from an engineer. Two of the prominent organisations in this regard are Engineers Australia and APEA (Association of Professional Engineers) which collectively tend to represent more than 100,000 engineers working across organizations based across Australia (APES, nd). Engineers Australia is focused on sustainable development and provides ethical and professional conduct guidance through the code of ethics. These are b ased on ensuring integrity in carrying out works and decision making besides ensuring that work should be carried out with competence only. Additionally, every engineer owes a duty to act in a honest manner which tends to safeguard the interest of the discipline and also the fellow members. Besides, sustainability is also given key consideration so that engineers also tend to contribute to this aspect (Norman, 2015). Thus, it is apparent that through the presence of professional organisations, ethical conduct and professionalism in the field is ensured. References APES (n.d.) Ethical commitment, APES Website, [Online] Available at https://www.professionalengineers.org.au/rpeng/ethical-commitment/ [Accessed April 07, 2016] Harris, E.C., Pritchard, S.M., Rabins, J.M., James, R. and Englehardt, E. (2013)Engineering Ethics: Concept and Cases.5thedn. London: Cengage Learning. Mazumder, H. Q. (2016)Introduction to Engineering: An Assessment and Problem Solving Approach.2stedn. Florida: CRC Press. Norman, F. (2015) The Ethical Engineer, Engineers Australia Website, [Online] Available at https://www.engineersaustralia.org.au/portal/news/ethical-engineer [Accessed April 07, 2016]